With new cutting-edge technology such as gene-chip technology and new MRI-based advancements, the boundaries of multiple sclerosis as we know them today are being stretched to the limit. Numerous research activities directed at understanding its etiopathogenesis, halting its progression, restoring lost function, and development of a cure are underway with new strides being made every day.

Multiple sclerosis is a lifelong disease that requires various modalities of treatment. Plan of care considerations include (1) the patient’s age at onset of illness; (2) sex; (3) the extent of the disability at the time of diagnosis as well as (4) the form of multiple sclerosis. Treatment will be a multidisciplinary approach that involves specialists such as neurologists, rehabilitation specialists, neuro-urology experts, psychiatrists, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and social workers.

Overactive bladder is a problem with bladder-storage function that causes a sudden urge to urinate. If you drink large amounts of fluid, it makes sense that you might have to make more trips to the bathroom. The urge may be difficult to stop, and overactive bladder may lead to the involuntary loss of urine.It can force you to avoid vacations, dinners out, and other social situations.You can even miss out on valuable time with family and friends because you’re afraid your overactive bladder — also called OAB — will trigger at the wrong time and embarrass you.

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a condition that is characterized by sudden, involuntary contraction of the muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder. This results in a sudden and unstoppable need to urinate (urinary urgency), even though the bladder may only contain a small amount of urine. Key features are the sudden urge to void along with urinary frequency (voiding < 2 hour intervals).

Risk Factors for Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis has several risk factors that can be broken down into three categories: modifiable local risk factors, modifiable systemic risk factors, and non-modifiable systemic risk factors. Modifiable local risk factors are factors that occur near the site of OA that can be altered. These include muscle strength, physical activity, joint injury, joint alignment and leg length in equitability.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. OA is a chronic disease characterized by the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. Nearly 15% of the world’s population suffers from this disease. It is most common among joints in the lower extremities such as the knees and hip.

Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis (OA) is typically caught during annual physical exams. During the exam, physicians inspect the joints for swelling, sensitivity, and range of motion. If OA is expected, additional medical tests will be performed. X-ray or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be performed to visualize changes in the joints.

Unmodifiable Risk Factors for Osteoporosis: Things you can’t do anything about Over age 50 Caucasian or Asian race Dementia Female gender/ postmenopausal women Women are at a much greater risk for osteoporosis than men.  The loss of sex hormones in the body is the most common cause of osteoporosis. Women experience a decline in estrogen, the female sex hormone, when they undergo menopause.