Signs Your Dog May Be Unwell: When to Contact a Vet

Why Recognising Symptoms Early Matters

Dogs can't tell you when they're hurting, so your powers of observation are one of the most valuable tools in keeping them healthy. The earlier you notice a change, the more options your vet has — and the better the likely outcome. This guide gives you a clear, practical reference for the most important warning signs, so you always know whether a symptom calls for an immediate call, a scheduled appointment, or calm monitoring at home.

Before spotting problems, you need to know what's normal for your dog. Energy level, appetite, and bathroom habits vary by breed, age, and individual personality. See our guide to daily dog care essentials for a helpful baseline on what healthy routines typically look like.

Emergency Symptoms: Contact a Vet Immediately

The following signs can indicate a life-threatening condition. Do not wait to see if they improve — contact an emergency veterinary clinic right away.

• Difficulty breathing: Laboured, rapid, or noisy breathing, or breathing with the mouth open (unusual in dogs at rest).
• Collapse or inability to stand: Sudden weakness, falling over, or inability to get up.
• Seizures: Uncontrolled shaking, convulsing, or loss of consciousness.
• Suspected poisoning: Drooling heavily, vomiting repeatedly, trembling, or disorientation after possible exposure to a toxic substance.
• Bloated, hard abdomen: A distended belly that feels tight, especially combined with retching without producing vomit, can signal a condition called GDV — a serious emergency.
• Pale, white, or blue gums: Healthy gums are pink. Discolouration points to serious circulatory problems.
• Severe trauma: Being struck by a vehicle, a fall from height, or a serious bite wound — even if the dog appears okay.

Symptoms That Need a Vet Appointment Soon

These signs are not always emergencies, but they warrant a call to your vet within 24 hours. Delaying can allow a treatable problem to worsen.

• Loss of appetite lasting more than 24 hours — especially if combined with lethargy.
• Vomiting or diarrhoea more than twice in a day, or any vomit or stool containing blood.
• Excessive thirst or urination — could indicate kidney issues, diabetes, or other metabolic conditions.
• Limping that persists beyond a day and doesn't improve with rest.
• Persistent scratching, licking, or head shaking — common signs of skin or ear problems.
• Sudden weight loss or gain without a change in diet.
• Eye discharge, redness, or squinting that doesn't clear up within a few hours.

Changes in behaviour can also be significant. A dog who suddenly becomes withdrawn, unusually aggressive, or stops engaging in activities they normally enjoy may be signalling discomfort. Our plain-language guide to canine body language can help you decode what your dog's posture and behaviour might be telling you.

Signs That Are Usually Minor — But Worth Monitoring

Not every change requires a vet call. Some symptoms are common and tend to resolve on their own, but you should keep a close eye on them and escalate if they worsen or last more than 48 hours.

• Single episode of vomiting with no other symptoms — often caused by eating too fast or mild stomach upset.
• Soft stool after a diet change — usually settles once the gut adjusts.
• Occasional sneezing with no nasal discharge or other signs.
• Mild lethargy after vigorous exercise or on a hot day.

A useful habit: keep a simple log. Note the date, the symptom, and how long it lasted. This record is invaluable when you speak with your vet, who will ask exactly those questions. First-time owners sometimes miss early warning signs — our article on common first-month mistakes covers how to avoid the most frequent oversights.

This article is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. If you are concerned about your dog's health, consult a licensed veterinarian.